内蒙古北山地区芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩构造属性及与成矿关系: 来自阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩印证     

董洪凯 《地质与勘探》2022,58(4):767-777

阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩属芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩带一部分,该构造带南北两侧地质体无明显差异,不具分界断裂的构造特征。本文对阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩与月牙山地幔橄榄岩进行岩石化学、地球化学对比分析,为芨芨台子-小黄山蛇绿岩构造属性提供新依据,并对阿民乌素蛇绿岩成矿潜力进行分析研究。笔者所在团队在地幔橄榄岩上部的辉长岩中获得LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb同位素年龄值为462.5±3.2 Ma,属中奥陶世。其上发育奥陶纪-志留纪公婆泉组岛弧拉斑玄武岩。该期地幔橄榄岩轻重稀土之比LR/HR＝1.63~3.68, (La/Sm)N＝1.70~6.92,(Gd/Yb)N＝0.36~0.52,表明岩石轻稀土略富集,稀土配分曲线呈不规则“U”型,估算其为原始地幔橄榄岩经过10%~20%部分熔融的残留物。原始地幔标准化蛛网图富集高场强元素U、Zr、Hf、Yb和大离子亲石元素Rb、Sr,亏损高场强元素Nb、Ti和大离子亲石元素Ba。与月牙山地幔橄榄岩标准化蛛网图对比,最大区别在于阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩明显亏损高场强元素Ti。初步研究认为阿民乌素地幔橄榄岩属SSZ型、高压型蛇绿岩,是岛弧裂谷的产物。该橄榄岩具有形成大型铬铁矿的成矿构造背景,是寻找蛇绿岩型铬铁矿的有利部位。  相似文献   

西藏南冈底斯叶巴火山弧的构造-地层属性及其演化     

唐宇  王根厚  冯翼鹏  次旦  李典  范正哲  高曦  韦宇飞  胡继信  张培烈 《地学前缘》2022,29(1):285-302

南冈底斯岩浆岩带出露的一套早—中侏罗世火山-沉积建造经历了多期构造变形,致使这套火山-沉积层序发生了强烈的面理置换,形成了典型的构造-岩石地层。依据造山带地层划分方法将叶巴火山弧厘定为叶巴岩群,并根据内部岩性组合特征和构造变形特征将其进一步划分为邦堆岩组、叶巴岩组、甲玛岩组。运用构造解析原理划分了3期构造变形事件。第一期构造变形为脆-韧性剪切变形,剪切方式为纯剪占优的一般剪切变形,透入性面理S₁普遍置换层理S₀(S₁∥S₀),伴生倾伏向85°~100°陡倾的拉伸线理,运动学指示顶面朝西运动,存在左行和右行两个方向的剪切旋转碎斑共存的现象;EBSD实验结果显示变形的温度≤380 ℃,石英颗粒细粒化明显,重结晶方式为亚颗粒旋转重结晶;⁴⁰Ar-³⁹Ar年代学结果表明该期构造变形时代约为79 Ma,其可能代表新特提斯洋板片低角度(平板式)俯冲引起在弧后挤压背景下形成的挤出构造。第二期构造变形表现为S₁面理发生纵弯褶皱变形形成的轴面劈理S₂,轴面产状倾向北或南,倾角40°~70°,枢纽向西或北西西倾伏;结合区域地质演化特征,认为其可能是在晚白垩世(79~68 Ma)南北向持续的挤压应力条件下,南冈底斯弧后盆地整体向上挤出,引发上地壳缩短、加厚进而导致褶皱作用的发生。第三期主要为浅层次膝折构造和近东西向正断层,最大主压应力方向为铅直向,最小主压应力方向(伸展方向)为近南北向;结合区域构造演化特征,认为该期变形可能代表渐新世末—中新世初期(23.74~21.1 Ma),印度岩石圈或青藏高原岩石圈或两者组合的拆沉作用引起冈底斯岩基隆升(主要动力学机制)和GCT活动并共同作用导致近南北向伸展滑覆事件发生。  相似文献   

青藏高原形成演化研究回顾、进展与展望          下载免费PDF全文

潘桂棠  王立全  尹福光  耿全如  李光明  朱弟成 《沉积与特提斯地质》2022,42(2):151-175

青藏高原形成演化涵盖了前身的东特提斯地质构造演化、新生代地质构造演化和高原隆升对气候环境演变的制约,它不仅包含有关全球构造的空间格局、运动状态的历史记录,而且也留下了青藏特提斯洋陆转换、盆山转换构造体制的时空结构、运动形式和发展变化的地质遗迹。所以青藏高原是研究全球构造的窗口,被自然科学工作者誉为解决地球动力学的一把钥匙。自20世纪60年代以来,特别是1979年以来我们先后开展了青藏高原地质构造演化、系列编图及综合集成等研究工作。本文以认识现今青藏高原地质历史各阶段重大地质构造事件的结构组成和演化为主线,回顾了40年来历次重大青藏高原基础地质研究过程,系统总结了青藏高原新生代隆升过程、碰撞构造效应,以及东特提斯地质调查研究中一系列重要新发现、新进展、新成果,并对相关研究成果和新发现进行了简要的归纳梳理。在此基础上,就青藏高原形成演化模式、科学理论与学术争论观念层次上的问题,以及关键的基础地质问题等方面进行了讨论与展望。  相似文献   

障壁岛—潟湖沉积特征及模式:以美国普拉姆岛上更新统—全新统为例^*          下载免费PDF全文

李伟茹  李志华  李胜利  李顺利  邵家澍 《古地理学报》2022,24(6):1073-1083

普拉姆岛(Plum island)是美国东北部缅因湾最大的障壁海岸,岛内向陆一侧为新英格兰地区最大潟湖和沼泽区,它们是晚第四纪末次冰期冰川作用和冰后期海岸作用的沉积响应。通过普拉姆岛研究区上更新统—全新统160个钻孔描述,识别出8种沉积物: 泥炭、冰川黏土、黏土、粉砂、细砂、中粗砂、砾、坠石。根据沉积物类型及其组合特征,结合沉积环境,共划分出8种沉积微相: 障壁沙丘、滨岸沙、水下临滨沙、河道、潮汐水道、潟湖、潮坪、沼泽。研究区在晚第四纪末次冰盛期(MIS2)被劳伦斯蒂德冰盖(Laurentide Ice Sheet)覆盖,发育冰川地貌,冰川泥覆盖在基岩之上,形成底层沉积; 冰后期(MIS1),冰盖消融,海平面发生变化,在冰川地貌鼓丘附近形成沙坝,最终沉积演化为障壁岛—潟湖环境,潟湖通过潮汐水道与广海相连通。  相似文献   

冈底斯东段古新世朱拉岩体LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb定年和岩石地球化学特征   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

李奋其  刘伟  张士贞  王保弟 《地质通报》2012,31(9):1420-1434

朱拉岩体位于冈底斯带东部,主要由黑云母二长花岗岩组成,其中发育闪长质包体,二者呈渐变过渡关系。3件寄主岩石LA-ICP-MS锆石U-Pb年龄加权平均值分别为64.6Ma±0.8Ma、64.3Ma±0.8Ma和63.9Ma±0.5Ma,含776Ma的继承岩浆锆石。1件闪长质包体样品年龄加权平均值为66.1Ma±0.3Ma。闪长质包体低Si,中Mg(Mg﹟平均41.1),属铝质高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值为22,Sr/Y值为3.69,稀土元素分馏较低,LREE/HREE平均值为1.92,Eu强烈亏损,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、U、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Sr、Ti),暗示岩浆成分主要为幔源。寄主岩石富Si、K,贫P,属铝质—偏铝质钙碱性—高钾钙碱性系列,Nb/Ta值15.9,富集大离子亲石元素(Rb、K、Th),亏损高场强元素(Nb、Ta、Ba、P、Ti),具有活动陆缘钙碱性岩系的微量元素分布特征。寄主岩石与闪长质包体具有密切的成生联系,闪长岩形成于富集俯冲带组分的地幔熔体,在上升过程中混染了一定量的壳源物质结晶分异产物,寄主岩石则为底侵作用产生的大量壳源熔体与少量幔源熔体混合并发生一定程度分离结晶后的产物。结合前人的研究成果,认为古新世朱拉岩体与雅鲁藏布江大洋的向北消减有关。  相似文献   

Chemical and Isotopic Characteristics of the Kuroko‐Forming Volcanism     

Ryoichi Yamada  Takeyoshi Yoshida  Jun‐Ichi Kimura 《Resource Geology》2012,62(4):369-383

The Miocene northeast Honshu magmatic arc, Japan, formed at a terrestrial continental margin via a stage of spreading in a back‐arc basin (23–17 Ma) followed by multiple stages of submarine rifting (19–13 Ma). The Kuroko deposits formed during this period, with most forming during the youngest rifting stage. The mode of magma eruption changed from submarine basalt lava flows during back‐arc basin spreading to submarine bimodal basalt lava flows and abundant rhyolitic effusive rocks during the rifting stage. The basalts produced during the stage of back‐arc basin spreading are geochemically similar to mid‐ocean ridge basalt, with a depleted Sr–Nd mantle source, whereas those produced during the rifting stage possess arc signatures with an enriched mantle source. The Nb/Zr ratios of the volcanic rocks show an increase over time, indicating a temporal increase in the fertility of the source. The Nb/Zr ratios are similar in basalts and rhyolites from a given rift zone, whereas the Nd isotopic compositions of the rhyolites are less radiogenic than those of the basalts. These data suggest that the rhyolites were derived from a basaltic magma via crystal fractionation and crustal assimilation. The rhyolites associated with the Kuroko deposits are aphyric and have higher concentrations of incompatible elements than do post‐Kuroko quartz‐phyric rhyolites. These observations suggest that the aphyric rhyolite magma was derived from a relatively deep magma chamber with strong fractional crystallization. Almost all of the Kuroko deposits formed in close temporal relation to the aphyric rhyolite indicating a genetic link between the Kuroko deposits and highly differentiated rhyolitic magma.  相似文献   

Mineralogy and Mineral Chemistry of the Cretaceous Duolong Gold‐Rich Porphyry Copper Deposit in the Bangongco Arc,Northern Tibet     

Jinxiang LI  Guangming LI  Kezhang QIN  Bo XIAO  Lei CHEN  Junxing ZHAO 《Resource Geology》2012,62(1):19-41

The Early Cretaceous Duolong gold‐rich porphyry copper deposit is a newly discovered deposit with proven 5.38 Mt Cu resources of 0.72% Cu and 41 t gold of 0.23 g t^?1 in northern Tibet. Granodiorite porphyry and quartz diorite porphyrite are the main ore‐bearing porphyries. A wide range of hydrothermal alteration associated with these porphyries is divided into potassic, argillic and propylitic zones from the ore‐bearing porphyry center outward and upward. In the hydrothermal alteration zones, secondary albite (91.5–99.7% Ab) occurs along the rim of plagioclase phenocryst and fissures. Secondary K‐feldspar (75.1–96.9% Or) replaces plagioclase phenocryst and matrix or occurs in veinlets. Biotite occurs mainly as matrix and veinlet in addition to phenocryst in the potassic zone. The biotite are Mg‐rich and formed under a highly oxidized condition at temperatures ranging from 400°C to 430°C. All the biotites are absent in F, and have high Cl content (0.19–0.26%), with log (X_Cl/X_OH) values of ?2.74 to ?2.88 and IV (Cl) values of ?3.48 to ?3.35, suggesting a significant role of chloride complexes (CuCl₂^‐ and AuCl₂^‐) in transporting and precipitating copper and gold. Chlorites are present in all alteration zones and correspond mainly to pycnochlorite. They have similar Fe/(Fe+Mg), Mn/(Mn+Mg) ratios, and a formation temperature range of 280–360°C. However, the formation temperature of chlorite in the quartz‐gypsum‐carbonate‐chlorite vein is between 190°C and 220°C, indicating that it may have resulted from a later stage of hydrothermal activity. Fe³⁺/Fe²⁺ ratios of chlorites have negative correlation with Al^IV, suggesting oxygen fugacity of fluids increases with decreasing temperature. Apatite mineral inclusions in the biotite phenocrysts show high SO₃ content (0.44–0.82%) and high Cl content (1–1.37%), indicating the host magma had a high oxidation state and was enriched in S and Cl. The highest Cl content of apatite in the propylitic zone may have resulted from pressure decrease, and the lowest Cl content of apatite in the argillic zone may have been caused by a low Cl content in the fluids. The low concentration of SO₃ content in the hydrothermal apatite compared to the magmatic one may have resulted from the decrease of oxygen fugacity and S content in the hydrothermal fluid, which are caused by the abundant precipitation of magnetite.  相似文献   

Gold Deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone: Orogenic Gold Deposits or Intrusion‐Related Gold Systems?     

Farhang ALIYARI  Ebrahim RASTAD  Mohammad MOHAJJEL 《Resource Geology》2012,62(3):296-315

Most of the known large gold deposits in Iran are located along the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone, western Iran, which hosts a wide range of gold deposit types. Gold deposits in the belt, hosted in upper Paleozoic to upper Mesozoic volcano‐sedimentary sequences of lower greenschist to lower amphibolite metamorphic grade, appear to represent mainly orogenic and intrusion‐related gold deposit types. The largest resource occurs at Muteh, with smaller deposits/occurrences at Zartorosht, Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Astaneh. Although a major part of the gold deposits in the Sanandaj–Sirjan Zone are related to metamorphic devolatilization, some deposits including Muteh and Astaneh are related to short‐lived disruptions in an extensional tectonic regime and are associated with magma generation and emplacement. The age of gold ore formation in the orogenic gold deposits is Late Cretaceous to Tertiary, reflecting peak‐metamorphism during regional Cretaceous–Paleocene convergence and compression. The Oligocene to Pliocene age of most intrusion‐related gold systems is consistent with the young structural setting of the gold ore bodies; these deposits are sequestered along normal faults, correlated with Middle to Late Tertiary extensional tectonic events. This relationship is comparable to the magmatic‐metallogenetic evolution of the Urumieh‐Dokhtar magmatic arc, where the number of different types of gold‐copper deposits and the magnitude of the larger ones followed development of a magmatic arc. The appropriate explanation may be related to two different stages of gold mineralization consisting of a first compressional phase during the Late Cretaceous to Early‐Middle Tertiary, which is related to orogenic gold mineralization in the Qolqoleh, Kervian, Qabaqloujeh, Kharapeh, and Zartorosht deposits, and the extensional phase during the Eocene to Pliocene that is recognized by young intrusion‐related gold mineralization in the Muteh and Astaneh deposits.  相似文献   

城市局部气候分区对地表温度的影响 ——以大连市区为例   总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1  

金珊合  张育庆  杨俊 《测绘通报》2019,(4):87-90

以大连市区建筑数据、SPOT 5和Landsat 8遥感数据为基础，运用局部气候带分类、地表温度反演方法，研究大连市局部气候带分区类型和特征，进而分析不同局部气候带对城市地表温度的影响。研究结果表明：①大连市建筑类型高度主要为低层建筑、多层建筑和中高层建筑，建筑密度为中密度和较高密度，甘井子区分布大量森林绿地，中山区具有丰富的公园绿地；②地表温度整体偏高，空间上呈现东高西低的趋势，其中半数以上地区地表温度达到28℃~31℃，并且有超过1%的地区地表温度大于38℃，该区域出现极端高温；③同一建筑高度上，密度越大的建筑区域，地表温度越高；同一建筑密度，多层建筑高度覆盖区地表温度较高。森林绿地地表温度最低，公园绿地和社区绿地地表温度几乎一致，附属绿地地表温度最高。  相似文献   

Atoll island vulnerability to flooding and inundation revealed by historical reconstruction: Fongafale Islet, Funafuti Atoll, Tuvalu   总被引：1，自引：1，他引：0  

Hiroya Yamano  Hajime Kayanne  Toru Yamaguchi  Yuji Kuwahara  Hiromune Yokoki  Hiroto Shimazaki  Masashi Chikamori   《Global and Planetary Change》2007,57(3-4):407-416

The reef islands formed on coral atolls are generally small, low, and flat, with elevations of only a few meters. These islands are thus highly vulnerable to elevated sea levels caused by extreme events and global warming. Such vulnerability was recently evidenced at Fongafale Islet, the capital of Tuvalu, when it flooded during accelerated spring high tides possibly related to sea level rise caused by global warming. Many factors, not only environmental but also economic and social, determine the vulnerability of an island to sea level rise. In this study, we used data spanning 108 yrs to reconstruct changes in topography, land use/cover, population, and the distribution of buildings at Fongafale Islet. The results indicate that the vulnerability of Fongafale Islet relates to its original landform characteristics: the central part of the island was formerly dominated by swampland that flooded at high tides. Fongafale Islet experienced greater population in-migration and centralization beginning in the 1970s following the independence of Tuvalu and Kiribati. Migrants were also responding to declines in overseas mining operations and limited options for paid employment. As the population increased, construction took place in vulnerable swampland areas. Our results clearly demonstrate that examinations of global environmental issues should focus on characteristics specific to the region of interest. These characteristics should be specified using historical reconstruction to understand and address the vulnerability of an area to global environmental changes.  相似文献